SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGY

·         Such phonologically conditioned variants of a single morpheme are Allomorphs

·         The study of the effect of phonological rules in morphology is called Morphophonology.

·         Phonological change is change the pronunciation word to come in a variety of forms for examples decide and relate to decision and relation

·         A Category change or a part of speech change is the changing from one form of part of speech to another such the verb form to be adjective form for examples (to) read and (to) wash being readable and washable.

·         A semantic change is change the meaning of word through the suffix of –able such breakable and movable.

·         The derivation suffix can change the transitive verb but not intransitive verb.

·         Two points are still that you have to remember concerning with the suffix –able the existence of apparent exceptions peaceable and saleable and problems of false analysis such hospitable and sizable.

·         Not all suffixes show the three changes when attached to verbs or other base morpheme.

·         When affixes are attached to a base morpheme, they have to be put up together step by step.

·         Coinage is the word that it is the name of creation or invention of totally new terms, without employing any other word or word parts that have already been in existence such aspirin and Xerox.

·         Acronym is the initial sound of the word or phrase and writing them into combination that is itself pronounceable as a separate word for examples WHO and OTW

·         Blending is combination of the parts of two words such Brunch and emoticon.

·         Conversion is converting the part of speech to another one without changing the form even category and functional shift like paper and vocation.

·         Clipping to cut or to sharpen and occur when a word of more than one syllable such gasoline become gas. There are six kind of processes of clipping:

a.      Cutting off the back part of a word : cap – cap (tain)

b.      Cutting off the front part of a word : plan – (air) plane

c.       Cutting off the front and the back part : flu – (in) flu (enza)

d.      Cutting off the back and replacing it with certain sound: kitty – kitt (en)

e.       Cutting off the back and replacing it with new spelling : biz – Bus (iness)

f.       Related to the someone’s name : Arn – Arn (old)

·         Borrowing is taking over of word from other languages such piano from Italian and boss from Dutch.

·         Backformation is a very specialized type of reduction process such evaluate > evaluation and beg > beggar.

·         Compounding is a combining process of two or more free morphemes or exiting word to produce a single form – a compound word such sick and room become sick-room.

·         Onomatopoeia is a new word which created by simply by mimicking or imitating or echoing the sound that certain objects make such meong the sound of a cat makes.

Categories: ABDUL HAMID ALY, ENGLISH, PERKULIAHAN